Search Results for 'cartesian'
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In reply to: Labels on Tactile Graphics
Thank you for your question!
Our TG experts are unified in support of transcriber-added labels or notes when they add clarity. In fact, GSTG 5.3.6 reads "When there is no heading to the print illustration, it is permissible to add a heading in braille for clarity. It is necessary to add transcriber's note indicators to this heading."
There are several different considerations for labels and headings in TGs. In the following paragraphs, we describe those differences and provide advice on how they are handled.
If the contents of your transcriber-addition will be applicable to multiple TGs in a document, it will be appropriate to add it on the Transcriber's Notes page in the front matter or before a series of graphs. The note could be something as simple as:
"In Cartesian graphs, quadrants are identified as follows: Upper right (Quadrant I); Upper left (Quadrant II); Lower left (Quadrant III); Lower right (Quadrant IV)."
If transcriber-added word labels or keys are added to a diagram itself, they are not enclosed in transcriber's note indicators. A note stating this should be added to the Transcriber's Notes page (GSTG 3.1.4).
If the transcriber-assigned words are headings (outside of the diagram) instead of labels or keys (inside the diagram), it is necessary to add transcriber's note indicators to the added heading (GSTG 5.3.6).
We also want to note GSTG 7.3.7 because it seems especially relevant in your case. GSTG 7.3.7 reads as follows:
"Retain features that could be used as a point of reference even though they may not be labeled in print. Transcriber assigned labels should not be enclosed in transcriber note indicators."
The four quadrants in a full Cartesian graph would qualify as "features" mentioned in GSTG 7.3.7, and so labels for the four quadrants can be added if they would aid the reader. No transcriber's note indicators are used when we add labels.
We hope this helps!
Topic: Labels on Tactile Graphics
I have a question about a Transcribers generated label on a graphic. If you have a large cartesian grid that is necessary to split in 4 sections, can you use the label Quad 1, Quad 2, Quad 3, Quad 4, enclosed in Transcribers note indicators for identification of the sections?
Thanks!
Thank you for your questions!
Our experts on the NBA Tactile Graphics committee offer the following:
Near the beginning of GSTG Unit 6 (page 6-2), we find the following statements:
"When no technical notation is present on the tactile graphic (e.g., only unmodified numbers and/or letters as defined in the Nemeth Code), the tactile graphic should be prepared in UEB."
and
"In general, regardless of the braille code used, the numeric indicator should be omitted when depicting measuring tools, number lines, and multiple-quadrant Cartesian graphs."
These tell us that a ruler with unmodified numbers and/or letters (using the definition for 'technical notation' from the Nemeth Code) should use UEB and not Nemeth.
Additionally, in GSTG 6.5.1, we find the following: "All number lines transcribed in Nemeth within UEB contexts must be enclosed within Nemeth Code switch indicators even though numbers may not be modified."
This means that, yes, number lines are treated differently than rulers _unless_ modified numbers and/or letters (as defined in the Nemeth Code) are present.
Following GSTG 6.10, in addition to that, "Numeric indicators are not shown with numbers on actual braille rulers, protractors, and calipers regardless of whether
the measurement tools are transcribed in UEB or Nemeth Code."To your last question, respectfully, we are unable to provide detail as to why BANA made these decisions.
Please let us know if this provides a clear and actionable set of responses to your questions! 🙂
Greetings to you TG experts!
In addition to our question about rulers, we have a question about numeric indicators and measuring tools.
Our reading of print pages 6–2 and 6–3 of the Guidelines and Standards for Tactile Graphics, 2022 leads us to the conclusion that the numeric indicator SHOULD be included on graduated cylinders, beakers, measuring cups, and other liquid measuring tools (that is, for graphics of measuring tools other than those specified in the chart on page 6-3). Is our conclusion correct?
Specifically, GSTG says, “In general, regardless of the braille code used, the numeric indicator should be omitted when depicting measuring tools, number lines, and multiple-quadrant Cartesian graphs.” then the chart on page 6–3 lists specific measuring tools: barometers, clocks, protractors, rulers, and thermometers. Below the chart it reads, “Use the numeric indicator for graphics that are not specified in the chart above.” So, should the numeric indicator be included on graduated cylinders, beakers, measuring cups, or other liquid measuring tools?
Thank you,
–Kyle DeJute and some APH colleaguesIn reply to: Cartesian graphs and Nemeth indicators
Julia, here is the information I have gathered.
The Cartesian graph is transcribed using Nemeth symbols, but the switch indicators are not transcribed. (They are implied.) Placement of the switch indicators with the surrounding material is decided independent of the graph itself.
The location of the code switch indicators depends upon where you are putting the graph.
As Printed: The formatting guideline from Unit 12 of Guidelines and Standards for Tactile Graphics (GSTG), Section 12.3.1 states, "If the entire item will fit on one page, the braille order of presentation should follow print." This aligns with your post so I am assuming you are able to fit a question, its graph, and its four answer choices all on one page. If that is the case, here is how to handle question 4: An opening Nemeth code indicator should be placed on the line before answer choice A. The Nemeth code terminator will at the end of answer choice D. For question 9, the opening Nemeth code indicator will go before J' in the question and the Nemeth code terminator will at the end of answer choice D.
On a Separate Page: If the question, its graph, and its four answer choices do not fit all on one page, GSTG Section 12.3.1 goes on to say this: "If the entire item will not fit on one page, the question and the answer choices should be together on one page and the graphic on a separate page." In this case, I expect you would insert a transcriber's note between the question and the answer choices pointing the reader to the next page. You would apply code switch indicators as needed before and/or after the TN.
Note that, in either case, if Nemeth is in effect prior to and following the graph, Nemeth will continue onto the next page without the need for explicit code switch indicators.
To answer your hypothetical question, when you have an itemized graph with an identifier and no text, the identifier can be in either code. Usually it will be in the same code as the preceding material. GSTG 6.6.2 says "Item identifiers (such as 1. 2. 3. 4. or A. B. C. D.) are not to be considered part of the graphic."
I hope this sufficiently answers your questions.
- Lindy
I have a couple of formatting questions about dealing with Nemeth indicators and Cartesian graphs:
In the new <u>Guidelines and Standards for Tactile Graphics, 2022</u> under §6.6.2 it states, “The opening Nemeth Code indicator and Nemeth Code terminator are not used before and after multiple-quadrant Cartesian graphs transcribed in Nemeth.” This is understood (see Exercises 5 and 12 on the attached .pdf), but what happens when the graph is preceded or followed by Nemeth text? (See Exercises 4 and 9) For Exercise 4 do I insert the opening Nemeth indicator before the graph at the end of the exercise text and place the terminator at the end of subentry D.? Or, does the opening Nemeth indicator need to be inserted before subentry A? In Exercise 9 I assume that Nemeth continues through the graph with no additional indicators like it was done in the past.
What is done when there is only an exercise identifier and a Cartesian graph on the braille page with no immediately preceding or following Nemeth material? I feel the identifier remains in UEB.
When within a Nemeth transcription is there a rule dictating that all analog clocks and graphs (other than cartesian) to be in Nemeth?
Or is it preferred to be transcribed in UEB when no Nemeth symbols are used? We were unable to find anything specific to this.Thank you for your time.
In reply to: Switch indicators before Cartesian graph and after
In my opinion, your TN says that graphs will not have switches...not that they can't be within switches. Leave Nemeth open until after the table. The closing switch indicator would go by itself in cell 1 after a blank line following the closing box line. If you wanted, you could modify your TN slightly to reflect that...something like "Cartesian graphs are created in Nemeth whether or not they are enclosed within Nemeth switch indicators."
Cindi
This is a UEB with Nemeth transcription. Please see the attached print example.
When a sentence ends with math, then a Cartesian graph follows, then a table requiring Nemeth (or any kind of math for that matter) follows the graph, where do I open and close Nemeth? I explain on the Transcriber's Notes page that Nemeth code switch indicators are omitted for Cartesian graphs. In this case then, do I close Nemeth just prior to the period in the sentence before the graph or do I use a punctuation indicator before the period and keep Nemeth going? Also, since the Transcriber's note implies that Nemeth ends after the graph, should I use the Nemeth opening box line for the table (or opening switch indicator for any math) that follows the Cartesian graph?
~Laurie
Ramya,
Thank you for your questions!
Yes, in a Cartesian graph, the plotted line is the most distinct, and the grid lines are the least distinct. GSTG 6.6.2.2 provides advice for all linear features of a Cartesian graph. See 6.6.4.6 and Appendix F if you have more than one plotted line on a graph.
(GSTG is the Guidlines and Standards for Tactile Graphics. You will find the most recent version on the BANA website at the following URL: https://www.brailleauthority.org/tg/web-manual/index.html)
Regarding the thickness of lines in a Cartesian graph, GSTG Appendix F provides some examples. However, these suggestions are not specific to images made on swell paper.
Our experts recommend the following for use with swell paper:
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Background grid: 1pt dashed line
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X- and Y-axis lines: 1.5pt solid line
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Plotted line: 3pt solid line
Our experts also suggest that you leave white space around the plotted line so the person reading the graph is able to feel the plotted line clearly.
Regarding the use of colors on swell paper, our experts recommend that you use only black lines.
If you have large solid areas of color in the print graph, don't try to go with solid black. It is best to use a patterned texture as shown in GSTG Appendix E.
If a print graphic makes use of multiple colors, our experts also want to emphasize that you make sure the textures used are distinguishable from each other. Appendix E in GSTG provides guidelines on what textures can be safely used in a single tactile graphic.
Hi,
I am a newbie and would like to confirm my understanding from the Tactile Graphic Guidelines" that while creating tactile Cartesian graphs, the grids should be assigned the least weight and the plotted curve/line/shape should have the most. Is that correct?
Also, I see that while creating digital diagrams that can be embossed, colors can be used to make the grid lines the least distinct, even f the same weight is used for both the grid lines and plotted curves/lines itself to distinguish the two. But, I have noticed that this doesn't work while using Swell paper. In that case is it ok to distinguish the grid lines from the plotted line/curve/figure by assigning different weights or is there a specific weight that need to be used for swell paper?
Appreciate any guidance that can be provided!!
In reply to: Nemeth with UEB graphics
It sounds like you have the right idea. The decision whether or not to switch to Nemeth for a graphic is the same, really, as switching decisions within the narrative. A tactile graphic is not in any "code" per se -- it is the braille symbols associated with it, such as labels or keyed items, that obey the rules of UEB or Nemeth, as appropriate.
There are spacing issues in a graphic, however. If the labels can all be done in UEB, do so. If, however, a label requires a switch to Nemeth, it is ideal to place the switch indicators out of the way of the graphic -- that is, open Nemeth, blank line, graphic (with Nemeth labels), blank line, terminate Nemeth (if needed).
This will encompass the entire page only if the drawing itself takes the entire page. If the page has text before the graphic, open Nemeth after the text. The opening Nemeth Code indicator can go on the same line as the narrative, but if it doesn't fit, put it in cell 1 on the next line. The blank line the precedes the graphic will be on the following line.
An exception is made regarding Cartesian graphs, which may be transcribed without the use of code switch indicators as long as the omission is clearly stated on the Transcriber's Notes page.
Code switching needs to be considered individually with each graphic.
Lindy
In reply to: Help! (with wide labels on a graph)
Hi Laurie!
You were on the right track!
According to GSTG 6.5.1.10 allowable to omit alternate labels while keeping the coordinate marker (6.5.1.10, 4th bullet). This can help by compressing the length of the line. However, after reviewing the print diagram to be rendered as a TG it isn't clear what values will have to be plotted on the graph. With this in mind, depending on the need to plot values from the referenced unit circle, it may be preferable to retain all of the labels.
If it is impossible to fit the graph any other way, you can change the horizontal format to a vertical format in order to accommodate a long line without the need for runovers (6th bullet). There are other formatting requirements as indicated below.
Here is the full text of GSTG 6.1.5.10 (print page 6-21). I have bolded the 4th and 6th bullets to make them easier to identify. Please note that the bulleted items are listed in a hierarachy, with the most preferable option at the top of the list.
Our experts note that even though GSTG 6.1.5.10 allows for a rotation of the graph, the problem being asked of the student is to graph an f(x) vs x relationship. This could be confusing if the graph were actually rotated.
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6.5.1.10 Hierarchy for accommodating a long number line without runovers should consider:
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<li style="list-style-type: none;">
- starting the number line at the margin. If accompanied by an exercise number, the exercise number can be left on one line, and the number line can be moved down to a new line. A blank line is inserted between the exercise number and the number line.
- shortening the length of the line segments between integers.
- omitting unused portions of the line.
- omitting alternate labels while keeping the coordinate marker.
- moving a long label away from the number line by placing it below the line reserved for ordinary labels and connecting it to its coordinate marker with a lead line.
- changing the horizontal form to vertical. Rotating a number line will produce a vertical line that may be thought of as comparable to the y-axis of a Cartesian graph; therefore, the number line should be transcribed with the smallest number at the bottom of the page and increasing upward. The tick marks should straddle the axis line, 1/4 inch (6 millimeters) on either side of the axis line. Dots 25 of the value are aligned with the tick mark.
__________________________________________________________________________
Please let us know if this solves your puzzle!
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In reply to: Number lines
Laurie and Lindy,
Thank you for the questions! Number Lines and Cartesian Coordinates are critical components of any STEM content and we wanted to make sure we had all the details covered. There are many intersecting rules and guidelines to consider and we hope the following addresses all of your needs. Please also see the attached document for an example.
- A raised line drawing would be preferable if the readers' familiarity with braille graphics is unknown and required if the readers are K-3.
- Alignment of numbers is with the first row of the digit rather than numeric symbol (GSTG 6.5.1.8).
- Yes, the tics should be extended 1/4" (6mm) above and below the line itself if using a raised line drawing (GSTG, section 6.5.1.12).
- Yes, put relevant symbols on SPECIAL SYMBOLS page per "Guidance for Transcription Using the Nemeth Code within UEB Contexts" item #17.
- However, following GSTG 6.5.1.13 (second bullet) If number lines appear infrequently, the braille number line symbols should be inserted as a transcriber’s note. So, if this is the only place that a number line occurs, place the symbols in a TN immediately preceding the graphic.
Let us know if this answers all of your questions!
In reply to: number lines
Laurie and Lindy,
Thank you for the questions! Number Lines and Cartesian Coordinates are critical components of any STEM content and we wanted to make sure we had all the details covered. There are many intersecting rules and guidelines to consider and we hope the following addresses all of your needs. Please also see the attached document for an example.
- A raised line drawing would be preferable if the readers' familiarity with braille graphics is unknown and required if the readers are K-3.
- Alignment of numbers is with the first row of the digit rather than numeric symbol (GSTG 6.5.1.8).
-
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
- Yes, the tics should be extended 1/4" (6mm) above and below the line itself if using a raised line drawing (GSTG, section 6.5.1.12).
- Yes, put relevant symbols on SPECIAL SYMBOLS page per <u>Guidance for Transcription Using the Nemeth Code within UEB Contexts</u> item #17.
-
<li style="list-style-type: none;">
- However, following GSTG 6.5.1.13 (second bullet) If number lines appear infrequently, the braille number line symbols should be inserted as a transcriber’s note. So, if this is the only place that a number line occurs, place the symbols in a TN immediately preceding the graphic.
Let us know if this answers all of your questions!
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