[Lindy Walton]

Hi Shelley. What your attached image shows is not a system of equations, as far as I can tell. The text which precedes these four equations says "Each equation represents one of the hanger diagrams." I'm not familiar with hanger diagrams, but it seems from the text that these are four separate equations. 2y = x is a simplification of the other three equations in your example,

If the student is asked to express one variable in terms of another, that would be solving a system of equations. For example, that second equation "2y = x" is expressing x in terms of y. That might be a solution to a system. But in this case, it is just simplifying the terms of each of the other three equations.

If there is a mathematician reading this, please correct me if I am misinterpreting this topic. Maybe you can explain it better? Is "system of equations" an outmoded term?

Thank you.

Lindy

[Lindy Walton]

Hi Susan. Thank you for your question. Actually, the DXB translation is correct. The "ow" symbol is the contracted form of the comma which is used to represent the comma and the space in the subscript position. Nemeth Code, Section 78, is where you will find the rule.

Lindy

[Lindy Walton]

Beth, you really have me thinking on this one! I "asked my expert" chemist about the significance of the print layout and her answers are copied below, in italics. If I am understanding her correctly, it seems to me that the arrangement of the diagrams is significant, which, to me, points to a good reason to use tactile graphics. By reproducing the drawings, you will not need to try to interpret what they mean. The possibility of giving the wrong interpretation is too risky.

FIRST EXAMPLE (sp and 2p and x's) (I asked "Is there a reason the 2p diagram is raised higher than the sp diagram?") ANSWER: It is important to note that the 2p diagram is raised to indicate that it is a little higher in energy than the sp diagram. The x's may be indicating that there will be other electrons from another atom bonding to that carbon atom that has sp hybridization. That would be my guess based on the little bit of wording that was copied over.

SECOND EXAMPLE (the more complex display) (I asked " Is there significance to the vertical alignment of the energy arrows? That is, are the six configurations related to one another and is that why the text has aligned them in this manner?" ANSWER: The alignment is intentional because the orbitals at the top of the image are highest in energy and the ones at the bottom are lowest in energy. It is also important to keep the ones that have two lines with electron arrows the same because those denote two orbitals that are at the same energy level.

I hope this helps.

Lindy

[Lindy Walton]

Hi Julie. I honestly do not know if Larry's Speakeasy is available in braille.

Can anyone answer Julie's question?

Lindy

[Lindy Walton]

Beth, I am not familiar with this notation. I'll get back to you after conferring with some chemists.

Lindy

[Lindy Walton]

Very good, yes. Thank you!

[Lindy Walton]

FYI, I have corrected my original post. I thank Kyle DeJute for her knowledge of UEB-Technical.

The reason a grade 1 indicator is NOT needed for ::/128 is because when we get to the slash, it becomes impossible that the preceding cell of dots 25 could represent any contraction, and once that is established, it then becomes impossible that the first cell of dots 25 could be any contraction [because both the "con" and the "cc" contractions must be followed "by a letter, a contraction, a modified letter or a ligatured letter"].

Please address further questions about computer language to the UEB Technical forum.

Thank you.

Lindy

• This reply was modified 5 years ago by Lindy Walton.

[Lindy Walton]

Hi Carmen. The Nemeth Code does not address computer notation. In a UEB transcription, if the print is "computer notation" as defined in Section 17.1 of the UEB Guidelines for Technical Material, then follow the directions in that section (Section 17, Computer Notation), even in a Nemeth/UEB transcription.

Your example would be transcribed like this:
33_/#ABH

You might like to read the post from December 20-23, 2019, titled "computer notation" in the Unified English Braille Technical section of this Ask An Expert forum.

Lindy

• This reply was modified 5 years ago by Lindy Walton.
• This reply was modified 5 years ago by Lindy Walton.

[Lindy Walton]

Hi. Thank you for asking these important questions.

Regarding question 29, yes, a space must precede the open parenthesis. The 2007 update to Section 119.a of the Nemeth Code says this: "A space must be left after an unmodified function name or its abbreviation. If the function name or its abbreviation carries a superscript, subscript, modifier, or other braille indicator, the space must follow the superscript, subscript, termination of modifier, or other braille indicator."

Regarding questions 30 and 41, 3:4:5 is a ratio. It means that the side lengths are in the ratio of 3:4:5.

Lindy

[Lindy Walton]

Hi. Yes, you are right, this matrix equation will not fit on a braille page without having to divide it. The first priority is to divide before the equals sign, as you have done.

I have attached a brf example for you which includes the following corrections:

• Starting the displayed matrix in cell 7 (it is displayed to 1-5 text--NC Sec.191.b.iv);
• Aligning "a" with "3" in the first matrix (items in the same column must begin in the same cell in a matrix) (NC Sec.183.a);
• Deleting the space before the plus symbol (operation symbols are generally unspaced--NC Sec.138.b);
• Deleting the second equals symbol (the equals symbol is transcribed on the top line of the arrangement, just as you have done with the plus symbol)(NC Sec.183.a).

Since some of the answer choices contain decimals, I would not terminate Nemeth Code until after subitem K. is completed unless, of course, Nemeth Code continues with item 27.

Hope this helps!

Lindy

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[Lindy Walton]

I am not familiar with the term "one word bridge". The single-word switch indicator was introduced in order to allow one narrative (UEB) word to come between technical material without having to terminate Nemeth Code.

For example, in "If x > y and y > z, is x > z?" the single-word switch indicator is used for the words "and" and "is". The Nemeth Code terminator is placed before the closing punctuation. I'm having trouble with the braille font, but here is the transcription in ascii:

,IF _% X .1 Y ,'& Y .1 Z, ,'IS
X .1 Z _:8

If words are actually part of the math expression, they are transcribed in Nemeth Code, without contractions. For example, in "miles/hour" the slash means "per" which requires a switch to Nemeth Code. The words "miles" and "hour" are part of the fraction. (ascii again):

_% MILES_/HOUR _:

The transcriber needs to determine whether words are part of the math or simply part of the sentence structure (UEB). Sometimes this can be tricky.

Lindy

[Lindy Walton]

Hi Susan. All of these words are not part of the math. Only the words done in Nemeth Code need to be uncontracted.

I have put the "math" words in boldface, below. I have also attached a transcription of these three bulleted items.

• Arithmetic sequence: nth term = Original Term + (n−1)d, where d is the constant difference between terms.
• Geometric sequence: nth term = Original Term × r⁽ⁿ⁻¹⁾, where r is the constant ratio.
• Group Formula: Total = Group 1 + Group 2 − Both + Neither

Let me know if I didn't understand your question.

Lindy

 

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[Lindy Walton]

The Braille Code for Chemical Notation 1997 is a Nemeth Code document. It expands on the Nemeth Code by giving symbols for chemical notation. It also has a few unique format rules. Electron dot notation is in the Chemistry Code (3.2.1, 4.1.5, and 4.3). The braille symbol (dots 16) represents the single electron dot (3.2.1). It is unspaced. See the attached brf file to see what the first two will look like in the sample you sent, using Nemeth in UEB contexts.

The reader will need to realize that (16) is an electron dot, not a multiplication dot or chemical period. Context should make it clear, just as it does in print where the same midline dot sign is used for all three purposes as well.

Lindy

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[Lindy Walton]

Hi Susan. Yes, this is an electron dot bond. Dots (16) are used to represent this sign. Its meaning will be inferred by the reader, just as in print a midline dot can mean different things.

Lindy

[Lindy Walton]

Sure, yes, it is your call of course but in the context of answer choices, some of which *require Nemeth and others which could be in either code, I think it is best to stay in Nemeth for all four answer choices in your example.

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